Glomerulonephritis is a serious kidney condition that can progress silently, causing long-term damage if not diagnosed and managed early. It refers to a group of diseases that cause inflammation of the glomeruli — the tiny filters in your kidneys responsible for removing waste and excess fluids from the blood.
Understanding its mechanisms, types, symptoms, and treatment options can help patients take timely action. At Medsarc Super Specialty Clinics, our expert team—led by the best nephrologist in Gurgaon—provides evidence-based care for glomerular diseases and chronic kidney conditions.
What Are Glomeruli and Why Are They Important?
Each kidney contains about a million nephrons, and at the beginning of each nephron is a cluster of tiny blood vessels called glomeruli. These microscopic filters play a critical role in:
- Removing waste products
- Regulating blood pressure
- Balancing fluids and electrolytes
- Preventing protein and blood cells from leaking into the urine
When the glomeruli become inflamed or damaged, their filtering ability is compromised. This can lead to proteinuria (protein in urine), hematuria (blood in urine), and eventually chronic kidney disease (CKD) or even kidney failure.
Types of Glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis (GN) can be classified based on the onset, duration, and cause:
1. Acute Glomerulonephritis
- Sudden onset, often following infections like strep throat
- Common in children and young adults
- May resolve on its own or progress rapidly if untreated
2. Chronic Glomerulonephritis
- Develops slowly over months or years
- Often asymptomatic in early stages
- Can lead to permanent kidney damage
3. Primary vs. Secondary GN
- Primary GN originates within the kidneys (e.g., IgA nephropathy, minimal change disease)
- Secondary GN occurs due to systemic conditions like:
- Lupus (SLE)
- Diabetes
- Infections (hepatitis B or C)
- Vasculitis
A thorough diagnosis is essential to determine the specific type and cause of GN for effective treatment.
What Causes Glomerulonephritis?
The causes of GN can be immune-mediated, genetic, or idiopathic. Common causes include:
- Autoimmune diseases (e.g., lupus, Goodpasture’s syndrome)
- Post-infectious reactions
- Diabetic nephropathy
- Hereditary conditions like Alport syndrome
- Medications or toxins
The immune system often plays a key role—either by producing harmful antibodies or triggering an inflammatory cascade that damages kidney tissue.
Common Symptoms of Glomerulonephritis
Symptoms can vary widely depending on severity and type. Some patients may have no noticeable signs until significant kidney function is lost. When present, symptoms may include:
- Foamy or bubbly urine (due to proteinuria)
- Swelling (especially around eyes, feet, and ankles)
- High blood pressure
- Dark-colored urine (from blood)
- Frequent urination or decreased output
- Fatigue, nausea, or shortness of breath in advanced stages
Early recognition of these symptoms is vital. If you notice any such signs, consult the best nephrologist in Gurgaon at Medsarc for prompt evaluation.
Diagnostic Approach
Diagnosis of glomerulonephritis involves a combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory testing:
- Urinalysis (detects blood, protein, and casts)
- Blood tests (creatinine, BUN, electrolytes)
- Antibody panels (for autoimmune causes)
- Ultrasound (to assess kidney size and structure)
- Kidney biopsy (definitive diagnosis in unclear cases)
A biopsy may reveal the pattern and severity of glomerular damage, helping guide targeted therapy.
Treatment Options
Treatment for glomerulonephritis is highly individualized and depends on the cause, severity, and presence of complications like hypertension or kidney dysfunction. Common treatment strategies include:
1. Immunosuppressive Medications
- Corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, or rituximab may be used in autoimmune forms
2. Blood Pressure Control
- ACE inhibitors or ARBs help protect kidney function and reduce proteinuria
3. Diuretics and Fluid Management
- To control swelling and maintain electrolyte balance
4. Dietary Modifications
- Low-sodium, protein-restricted diet
- Avoidance of potassium-rich foods if kidney function is reduced
5. Dialysis or Transplant
- In end-stage cases where kidney function declines significantly
Early and aggressive management can delay or prevent progression to chronic kidney disease or renal failure.
Living with Glomerulonephritis
Chronic kidney disease caused by glomerulonephritis requires lifelong monitoring and lifestyle modifications. At Medsarc Super Specialty Clinics, we offer:
- Regular renal function monitoring
- Patient education on diet, medications, and self-care
- Coordination with dietitians and endocrinologists as needed
- Support for mental and emotional well-being
Our integrated approach ensures comprehensive care for every stage of kidney disease.
When to See a Nephrologist
If you experience unexplained swelling, high blood pressure, or unusual changes in urination, it’s time to consult a specialist. Early intervention is critical in preserving kidney function and improving long-term outcomes.
Our team at Medsarc includes the best nephrologist in Gurgaon, with vast experience in managing glomerular diseases using both conventional and advanced therapies.
Conclusion
Glomerulonephritis is a potentially serious condition, but with timely diagnosis and expert care, many patients can lead full, healthy lives. Understanding the disease, recognizing early symptoms, and seeking specialized nephrology care can make all the difference.
Don’t wait until symptoms worsen. Book an appointment with the best nephrologist in Gurgaon at Medsarc Super Specialty Clinics today for personalized and advanced kidney care.